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African-American rapper (1971–1996) Redirect|Tupac Redirect|Makaveli|the Italian philosopher|Machiavelli|the Tupac album often called "Makaveli"|The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory!''The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory'' Pp|small=yes Use American English September 2019 Use mdy dates March 2024 Infobox person | name = Tupac Shakur | image = Tupac Shakur.jpg | caption = Shakur's passport wallet photo, 1995 | birth_name = Lesane Parish Crooks | birth_date = Birth date|1971/6/16 | birth_place = Manhattan, New York City, U.S. | death_date = Death date and age|1996/9/13|1971/6/16 | death_place = Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S. | death_cause = Murder of Tupac Shakur|Drive-by homicide (gunshot wounds) | resting_place = | education = plainlist| * Paul Laurence Dunbar High School (Maryland)|Dunbar High School * Baltimore School for the Arts * Tamalpais High School | occupation = hlist|Rapper|songwriter|actor|activist|poet | alias = hlist|2Pac|Pac|Makaveli|MC New York | years_active = 1989–1996 | spouse = marriage|Keisha Morris|1995|1996|end=annulled | partner = | parents = ubl|Afeni Shakur|Billy Garland | relatives = ubl|Mutulu Shakur (step-father)|Assata Shakur (step-aunt)|Mopreme Shakur (step-brother)|Kastro (rapper)|Kastro (cousin) | awards = List of awards and nominations received by Tupac Shakur|Full list | module = Infobox musical artist | embed = yes hlist|West Coast hip hop|gangsta rap|political hip hop | discography = Tupac Shakur discography hlist|Interscope Records|Interscope|Death Row Records|Death Row|Atlantic Records|Atlantic|TNT|Out da Gutta Official URL | past_member_of = hlist|Digital Underground|Thug Life (group)|Thug Life|Outlawz | signature = Tupac Shakur's signature.svg ''Tupac Amaru Shakur'' (IPAc-en|ˈ|t|uː|p|ɑː|k|_|ʃ|ə|ˈ|k|ʊər|audio=En-us-Tupac Shakur.wav; born ''Lesane Parish Crooks''; June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996, also known by his stage names ''2Pac'' and ''Makaveli'', was an American rapper and actor. Considered to be one of the greatest and most influential rappers of all time,Cite web Okwerekwu Ike May 5, 2019 Tupac: The Greatest Inspirational Hip Hop Artist https://medium.com/music-for-inspiration/tupac-the-greatest-inspirational-hip-hop-artist-7118f02747ed March 9, 2022 Music For Inspiration Cite magazine September 13, 2016 8 Ways Tupac Shakur Changed the World https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/8-ways-tupac-shakur-changed-the-world-128421/ March 9, 2022|magazine=Rolling StoneCite web Tupac Shakur: The story of a rapper 'always meant for something great' https://news.sky.com/story/tupac-shakur-the-story-of-a-rapper-always-meant-for-something-great-12972937 2024-07-30 Sky News |language=en academics regard him as one of the most influential music artists of the 20th century and a prominent political activist for Black America.Cite web Ogbar Jeffrey O. G. 2017-06-16 In Tupac's life, the struggles and triumphs of a generation http://theconversation.com/in-tupacs-life-the-struggles-and-triumphs-of-a-generation-79266 2024-05-17 The Conversation |language=en-UScite web https://www.cbc.ca/radio/day6/canada-s-ban-on-gay-men-donating-blood-painting-with-david-bowie-tupac-s-legacy-summer-reads-and-more-1.6070411/unpacking-tupac-s-complicated-legacy-on-what-would-have-been-his-50th-birthday-1.6071677 Unpacking Tupac's complicated legacy, on what would have been his 50th birthday June 18, 2021 Sameer Chhabra In addition to his music career, Shakur also wrote poetry and had numerous starring roles in movies. Shakur is among the List of best-selling music artists|best-selling music artists, having sold more than 75 million records worldwide.cite web https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40525347 Tupac blamed race in Madonna breakup letter BBC News July 6, 2017 September 8, 2024 His lyrical content has been noted for addressing social injustice, political issues, and the marginalization of other African-Americans,Cite web 2023-03-12 Why Tupac is an Iconic Figure of Hip Hop Culture https://gradozerobeats.com/en/tupac-iconic-figure-culture-hiphop/ 2024-03-30 gradozerobeats.com |language=en-USCite web 2022-02-10 Tupac Was Always Political https://www.gq.com/story/tupac-politics-art-exhibit-wake-me-when-im-free 2024-03-30 GQ |language=en-US but he was also synonymous with gangsta rap and violent lyrics. Shakur was born in New York City to parents who were both political activists and Black Panther Party members. Raised by his mother, Afeni Shakur, he relocated to Baltimore in 1984 and to the San Francisco Bay Area in 1988. With the release of his debut album ''2Pacalypse Now'' in 1991, he became a central figure in West Coast hip hop for his Political hip hop|conscious rap and political rap lyrics.Cite AV media Tupac Shakur – Thug Angel (The Life of an Outlaw) 2002cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Alexander|editor1-first=Leslie M.|editor2-last=Rucker|editor2-first=Walter C. Encyclopedia of African American History|volume=1 February 28, 2010 ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781851097692|pages=254–257 Shakur achieved further critical and commercial RIAA certification|multi-platinum success with his follow-up albums ''Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...'' (1993) and ''Me Against the World'' (1995).cite book | last = Edwards | first = Paul | year = 2009 | title = How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC | publisher = Chicago Review Press | page = 330 His RIAA certification|Diamond certified album ''All Eyez on Me'' (1996, the first double-length album in hip-hop history, abandoned his introspective lyrics for volatile gangsta rap. In addition to his music career, Shakur starred roles in ''Juice (1992 film)|Juice'' (1992, ''Poetic Justice (film)|Poetic Justice'' (1993, ''Above the Rim'' (1994, ''Bullet (1996 film)|Bullet'' (1996, ''Gridlock'd'' (1997, and ''Gang Related'' (1997). Shakur's most notable songs include "California Love," "Changes (Tupac Shakur song)|Changes," "Dear Mama," "Hail Mary (2Pac song)|Hail Mary," "Keep Ya Head Up," "Hit 'Em Up," "Ambitionz az a Ridah," "All Eyez on Me (Tupac Shakur song)|All Eyez on Me," "Ghetto Gospel," "Do for Love," "So Many Tears," "To Live & Die in L.A. (song)|To Live & Die in L.A.," "How Do U Want It," "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted," "Brenda's Got a Baby" and "I Get Around (Tupac Shakur song)|I Get Around." Alongside his solo career, Shakur was part of the group Thug Life (group)|Thug Life and collaborated with artists like Snoop Dogg, Dr. Dre, and the Outlawz. During the later part of his career, Shakur was shot five times in the lobby of a New York recording studio and experienced legal troubles, including incarceration. He served eight months in prison on sexual abuse charges, but was released pending an appeal of his conviction in 1995. Following his release, he signed to Suge Knight|Marion "Suge" Knight's label Death Row Records and became heavily involved in the growing East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry.cite book | author = Jay-Z | title = Essays on Hip Hop's Philosopher King | editor-first = Julius | editor-last = Bailey | isbn = 978-0786463299 | publisher = McFarland & Company | year = 2011 | page = 55 On September 7, 1996, Shakur was Murder of Tupac Shakur|shot four times by an unidentified assailant in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas; he died six days later. Following his murder, Shakur's friend-turned-rival, the Notorious B.I.G., was at first considered a suspect due to their public feud; he was also murdered in Murder of the Notorious B.I.G.|another drive-by shooting six months later in March 1997, while visiting Los Angeles.Cite news Antonio | last = Planas April 7, 2011 FBI outlines parallels in Notorious B.I.G., Tupac slayings|newspaper=Las Vegas Review-Journal http://www.lvrj.com/news/fbi-outlines-parallels-in-notorious-b-i-g-tupac-slayings-119389104.htmllive February 19, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20110411003337/http://www.lvrj.com/news/fbi-outlines-parallels-in-notorious-b-i-g-tupac-slayings-119389104.html April 11, 2011 On September 22, 1996, a peace summit was convened at Mosque Maryam by Louis Farrakhan in response to his assassination.Cite news Marriott Michel 1996-09-23 At a Ceremony for Shakur, Appeals for Peace https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/23/nyregion/at-a-ceremony-for-shakur-appeals-for-peace.html 2024-04-21 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 Shakur's double-length posthumous album Greatest Hits (Tupac Shakur album)|''Greatest Hits'' (1998) is one of his two releases—and one of only nine hip hop albums—to have been certified Diamond in the United States.Cite web July 8, 2011 2Pac's 'Greatest Hits' album certified Diamond https://hypebeast.com/2018/7/2-pacs-greatest-hits-album-certified-diamond May 5, 2022 HYPEBEAST Five more albums have been released since Shakur's death, including his critically acclaimed posthumous album ''The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory'' (1996)Cite web November 5, 2018 No Blasphemy: Why 2Pac's "The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory" Is Rap's Greatest Album https://hiphopdx.com/editorials/id.4179/title.no-blasphemy-why-2pacs-the-don-killuminati-the-7-day-theory-is-raps-greatest-album May 5, 2022 HipHopDX under his stage name Makaveli, all of which have been certified multi-platinum in the United States.Cite web August 4, 2019 The Best Selling Tupac Albums of All Time https://2paclegacy.net/the-best-selling-tupac-albums-of-all-time/ May 5, 2022 2PacLegacy.net |language=en-US In 2002, Shakur was inducted into the Hip Hop Hall of Fame|Hip-Hop Hall of Fame.cite web Notorious B.I.G., Tupac Shakur To Be Inducted Into Hip-Hop Hall Of Fame BET http://www.bet.com/Music/Archives/BET.com+-+Notorious+B.I.G._+Tupac+Shakur+To+Be+Inducted+Into+Hip-Hop+Hall+Of+Fame+152.htm December 30, 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20061230051113/http://www.bet.com/Music/Archives/BET.com%2B-%2BNotorious%2BB.I.G._%2BTupac%2BShakur%2BTo%2BBe%2BInducted%2BInto%2BHip-Hop%2BHall%2BOf%2BFame%2B152.htm December 30, 2006 January 7, 2012 In 2017, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility.Cite news Rock and Roll Hall of Fame taps Tupac, Journey, Pearl Jam |newspaper=USA TODAY https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2016/12/20/rock-and-roll-hall-fame-taps-tupac-journey-pearl-jam/95616556/ live December 20, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161220191622/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2016/12/20/rock-and-roll-hall-fame-taps-tupac-journey-pearl-jam/95616556/ December 20, 2016 ''Rolling Stone'' ranked Shakur among the Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time|100 Greatest Artists of All Time.Cite magazine 100 Greatest Artists https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/100-greatest-artists-147446/ December 3, 2010|magazine=Rolling Stone June 11, 2019 December 6, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181206192537/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/100-greatest-artists-147446/live In 2023, he was awarded a posthumous star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.Cite web June 7, 2023 Tupac Shakur posthumously receives star on Hollywood Walk of Fame https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tupac-shakur-posthumously-receives-star-on-hollywood-walk-of-fame/ June 9, 2023 cbsnews.com |language=en-US His influence in music, activism, songwriting, and other areas of culture has been the subject of academic studies.cite web https://www.uio.no/studier/emner/hf/ikos/KULH1111/ KULH1111 – Tupac, hiphop og kulturhistorie |language=Norwegian |trans-title=KULH1111 – Tupac, hip hop and cultural history uio.nocite web | url=https://folkmyth.fas.harvard.edu/2003-all-eyez-me-tupac-shakur-and-search-modern-folk-hero | title=2003: "All Eyez on Me: Tupac Shakur and the Search for the Modern Folk Hero" folkmyth.fas.harvard.edu 2024-08-24
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