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Organ found in humans and other animals the internal organ|other uses|Heart (disambiguation) Redirect|Cardiac|the computer programming tool|CARDIAC|the comics character|Cardiac (character) good article pp-semi-blp|small=yes November 2020 Infobox anatomy | Name = Heart | Latin = cor | Greek = καρδία (kardía) | Width = | Image2 = Heart anterior exterior view.png | Caption2 = The human heart | Precursor = | System = Circulatory system|Circulatory | Artery = Aorta,efn|From the heart to the body pulmonary trunk and right and left pulmonary artery|pulmonary arteries,efn|Arteries that contain deoxygenated blood, from the heart to the lungs right coronary artery, left main coronary arteryefn|Supplying blood to the heart itself | Vein = Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava,efn|From the body to the heart right and left pulmonary veins,efn|Veins containing oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, anterior cardiac veinsefn|Veins that drain blood from the cardiac tissue itself | Nerve = Accelerans nerve, vagus nerve | Lymph = The ''heart'' is a muscular Organ (biology)|organ found in humans and other animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels.Citation Moran Michael E. Gray’s Anatomy of Stones: Henry Vandyke Carter 2013-08-26 |work=Urolithiasis |pages=131–144 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8196-6_15 2024-10-05 |place=New York, NY Springer New York |isbn=978-1-4614-8195-9 Heart and blood vessels together make the circulatory system.cite book |author1=Taber, Clarence Wilbur |author2=Venes, Donald Taber's cyclopedic medical dictionary F.A. Davis Co. |year=2009 |pages=1018–1023 |isbn=978-0-8036-1559-5 The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissue, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to the lungs.sfn|Guyton & Hall|2011|p=157 In humans, the heart is approximately the size of a closed fist and is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the thorax|chest, called the mediastinum.cite book|author1=Moore, Keith L. |author2=Dalley, Arthur F. |author3=Agur, Anne M.R. Clinically Oriented Anatomy Wolters Kluwel Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-1-60547-652-0|pages=127–173|chapter=1|year=2009 In humans, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right Atrium (heart)|atria and lower left and right Ventricle (heart)|ventricles.cite book|author1=Starr, Cecie|author2=Evers, Christine|author3=Starr, Lisa Biology: Today and Tomorrow With Physiology https://books.google.com/books?id=dxC27ndpwe8C&pg=PA422|year=2009 Cengage Learning|isbn=978-0-495-56157-6|page=422live https://web.archive.org/web/20160502095349/https://books.google.com/books?id=dxC27ndpwe8C&pg=PA422 2 May 2016cite book|last1=Reed|first1=C. Roebuck|last2=Brainerd|first2=Lee Wherry|last3=Lee|first3=Rodney|author4=Kaplan, Inc. CSET : California Subject Examinations for Teachers 2008 Kaplan Pub.|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4195-5281-6|page=154|edition=3rd https://books.google.com/books?id=1jjMzgEACAAJlive https://web.archive.org/web/20160504211756/https://books.google.com/books?id=hP7n4Rki02EC&pg=PA154 4 May 2016 Commonly, the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the right heart and their left counterparts as the left heart.sfn|Gray's Anatomy|2008|p=960 In a healthy heart, blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, which prevent cardiac regurgitation|backflow. The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of pericardial fluid|fluid. The wall of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.cite book|last1=Betts|first1=J. Gordon Anatomy & physiology 2013|isbn=978-1-938168-13-0 http://cnx.org/content/m46676/latest/?collection=col11496/latest 11 August 2014|pages=787–846 OpenStax College, Rice University 27 February 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210227144954/https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/19-1-heart-anatomylive The heart pumps blood with a Heart rate|rhythm determined by a group of pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node. These generate an electric current that causes the heart to contract, traveling through the atrioventricular node and along the conduction system of the heart. In humans, deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the right atrium from the superior vena cava|superior and inferior vena cava|inferior venae cavae and passes to the right ventricle. From here, it is pumped into pulmonary circulation to the lungs, where it receives oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium, passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta into systemic circulation, traveling through arteries, arterioles, and capillaries—where nutrients and other substances are exchanged between blood vessels and cells, losing oxygen and gaining carbon dioxide—before being returned to the heart through venules and veins.sfn|Guyton & Hall|2011|pp=101, 157–158, 180 The adult heart beats at a Resting heart rate|resting rate close to 72 beats per minute.sfn|Guyton & Hall|2011|pp=105–107 Physical exercise|Exercise temporarily increases the rate, but lowers it in the long term, and is good for heart health.sfn|Guyton & Hall|2011|pp=1039–1041 Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death globally as of 2008, accounting for 30% of all human deaths.cite book|last1=Longo|first1=Dan|last2=Fauci|first2=Anthony|last3=Kasper|first3=Dennis|last4=Hauser|first4=Stephen|last5=Jameson|first5=J.|last6=Loscalzo|first6=Joseph Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine|year=2011 McGraw-Hill Professional|isbn=978-0-07-174889-6|page=1811|edition=18th Of these more than three-quarters are a result of coronary artery disease and stroke.cite web Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) Fact sheet N°317 March 2013 https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/ WHO World Health Organization 20 September 2014live https://web.archive.org/web/20140919020049/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/ 19 September 2014 Risk factors include: smoking, being overweight, little exercise, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and poorly controlled diabetes, among others.cite journal|last1=Graham|first1=I|last2=Atar|first2=D|last3=Borch-Johnsen|first3=K|last4=Boysen|first4=G|last5=Burell|first5=G|last6=Cifkova|first6=R|last7=Dallongeville|first7=J|last8=De Backer|first8=G|last9=Ebrahim|first9=S|last10=Gjelsvik|first10=B|last11=Herrmann-Lingen|first11=C|last12=Hoes|first12=A|last13=Humphries|first13=S|last14=Knapton|first14=M|last15=Perk|first15=J|last16=Priori|first16=SG|last17=Pyorala|first17=K|last18=Reiner|first18=Z|last19=Ruilope|first19=L|last20=Sans-Menendez|first20=S|last21=Scholte op Reimer|first21=W|last22=Weissberg|first22=P|last23=Wood|first23=D|last24=Yarnell|first24=J|last25=Zamorano|first25=JL|last26=Walma|first26=E|last27=Fitzgerald|first27=T|last28=Cooney|first28=MT|last29=Dudina|first29=A|last30=European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Committee for Practice Guidelines|first30=(CPG) European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary: Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts)|journal=European Heart Journal Oct 2007|volume=28|issue=19|pages=2375–2414|pmid=17726041|doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehm316 https://pure.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/498032/European%20guidelines%20on%20cardiovascular%20disease%20prevention%20in%20clinical%20practice%20-%20executive%20summary%20-%20Eur%20Heart%20J%202007%20-%20Yarnell%20JW%20(EACPR).pdf|doi-access=free 21 October 2019 27 April 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190427100116/https://pure.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/498032/European%20guidelines%20on%20cardiovascular%20disease%20prevention%20in%20clinical%20practice%20-%20executive%20summary%20-%20Eur%20Heart%20J%202007%20-%20Yarnell%20JW%20(EACPR).pdflive Cardiovascular diseases do not frequently have symptoms but may cause chest pain or shortness of breath. Diagnosis of heart disease is often done by the taking of a medical history, auscultation|listening to the heart-sounds with a stethoscope, as well as with electrocardiogram|ECG, and echocardiogram which uses ultrasound. Specialists who focus on diseases of the heart are called cardiologists, although many specialties of medicine may be involved in treatment. listen | filename = Emily's heartbeat.wav | title = A teenager's heartbeat | description = Sounds of a healthy 16-year-old child's heart beating normally, as heard with a stethoscope. | format = wav TOC limit

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