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John Lennon né le 9 octobre 1940 à Liverpool et mort Assassinat de John Lennon|assassiné le 8 décembre 1980| à New York, est un auteur-compositeur-interprète, guitariste, multi-instrumentiste, écrivain et militantisme|militant pacifisme|pacifiste britannique.Il est le fondateur des The Beatles|Beatles, groupe musical anglais au succès planétaire depuis sa formation au début des années 1960. Au sein des Beatles, il forme avec Paul McCartney Lennon/McCartney|l'un des tandems d'auteurs-compositeurs les plus influents et prolifiques de l'histoire du rock, donnant naissance à liste des chansons des Beatles|plus de deux cents chansons.Adolescent, influencé par ses idoles américaines du ''rock 'n' roll'', il est emporté par la vague de musique ''skiffle'' qui sévit à Liverpool et fonde, au début de l'année 1957, le groupe des The Quarrymen|Quarrymen, qui évolue pour devenir, avec Paul McCartney, George Harrison et Ringo Starr, les The Beatles|Beatles. Des albums ''Please Please MePlease Please Me'' en 1963 à ''Let It Be (album des Beatles)|Let It Be'' en 1970, les Beatles deviennent un des plus grands phénomènes de l'histoire de l'industrie discographique, introduisant de nombreuses innovations musicales et mélangeant les genres et les influences avec une audace et une sophistication jusqu'alors inédites. Lennon occupe une place centrale dans cette réussite populaire, critique et Liste des artistes ayant vendu le plus de disques|commerciale, composant des œuvres majeures pour le groupe. Les dissensions entre les musiciens, en particulier entre Lennon et McCartney, mettent fin à l'aventure en 1970.Lorsque les Beatles se séparent, John Lennon se consacre à sa carrière solo, épaulé et inspiré par son épouse Yoko Ono, artiste japonaise d'Avant-garde (art)|avant-garde. Yoko et John forment alors un des couples les plus médiatisés au monde, aussi bien pour leur art que pour leur engagement politique. Ils créent le Plastic Ono Band, groupe à géométrie variable où ils sont accompagnés d'amis sur scène et en studio. En 1971, John Lennon compose l'une de ses chansons les plus emblématiques, ''Imagine Imagine'' ; Imagine (album de John Lennon)|l'album du même nom est également son plus grand succès commercial en solo. Lennon se retire de toute activité publique en 1975 pour s'occuper de son fils nouveau-né Sean Lennon|Sean, puis reprend sa carrière en 1980, quelques semaines avant d'assassinat de John Lennon|être assassiné par Mark David Chapman, un fanatique atteint de Psychose|troubles psychotiques, devant sa résidence du Dakota Building à New York.Outre sa musique, Lennon est également célèbre pour ses nombreuses prises de position, notamment pacifisme|pacifistes, à partir de la fin des années 1960. Ses activités et son engagement, notamment contre la guerre du Viêt Nam, lui valent des ennuis réguliers avec le gouvernement fédéral des gouvernement des États-Unis, qui tente de l'expulser. Personnalité complexe, il fait preuve d'un humour acerbe, teinté d'absurde et de non-sens, et se démarque également par son caractère parfois violent et conflictuel, en contradiction avec son image de représentant de l'idéal pacifiste. Il montre des talents dans les domaines de la Peinture (art)|peinture et de l'écriture, joue dans quelques films, et réalise des Court métrage|courts-métrages cinéma expérimental|expérimentaux.Longtemps après sa mort, il reste l'un des artistes les plus populaires du s-|XX (il a vendu plus de 72 millions de disques en « équivalent album ») et incarne le mouvement pacifiste ''peace and love'' des années 1960 et 1970. Un rassemblement à sa mémoire continue d'avoir lieu à New York chaque 8 décembre, jour de sa mort, et plusieurs mémoriaux ont été érigés en son honneur de par le monde. L'Aéroport John-Lennon de Liverpool|aéroport de Liverpool porte son nom depuis 2002.English musician and member of the Beatles (1940–1980) Redirect|Lennon|other uses|Lennon (disambiguation)|and|John Lennon (disambiguation) Featured article Pp-semi-indef Pp-move Use British English March 2024 December 2024 Infobox person | name = John Lennon | honorific_suffix = | image = John Lennon, 1974 (restored cropped).jpg | alt = A black and white picture of John Lennon in his mid-thirties | caption = Lennon in 1974 | birth_name = John Winston Lennon | other_names = John Winston Ono Lennon | birth_date = Birth date|1940|10/9/ | birth_place = Liverpool, England | death_date = Death date and age|1980|12/8/1940|10/9/ | death_place = New York City, US | death_cause = Murder of John Lennon|Gunshot wounds | resting_place = Cremated; ashes scattered in Central Park, New York City | occupation = hlist|Singer|songwriter|musician|author|artistCite web Christgau Robert |author-link=Robert Christgau John Lennon ! Biography, Songs, Albums, Death, & Facts https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Lennon 18 February 2024 Britannica|peace activist | years_active = 1956–1980 | spouse = plainlist| * marriage|Cynthia Lennon|Cynthia Powell|23 August 1962|8 November 1968|end=div * marriage|Yoko Ono|20 March 1969| | partner = May Pang (1973–1975) | children = hlist|Julian Lennon|Julian|Sean Lennon|Sean | father = Alfred Lennon | mother = Julia Lennon|Julia Stanley | relatives = plainlist| * Julia Baird (teacher)|Julia Baird (half-sister) * Mimi Smith (aunt) | module = Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | background = solo_singer | genre = hlist|Rock music|Rock|Pop music|pop|Experimental music|experimental | instruments = hlist|Vocals|guitar|keyboards|harmonica | label = hlist|Parlophone|Capitol Records|Capitol|Apple Records|Apple|Geffen Records|Geffen|Polydor Records|Polydor | past_member_of = hlist|The Quarrymen|The Beatles|The Dirty Mac|Plastic Ono Band | website = URL|johnlennon.com | signature = Firma de John Lennon.svg ''John Winston Ono Lennon''refn|group=nb|Lennon changed his name by deed poll on 22 April 1969, adding "Ono" as a middle name. Although he used the name John Ono Lennon thereafter, official documents referred to him as John Winston Ono Lennon.sfn|Coleman|1984b|p=64 (born ''John Winston Lennon''; 9 October 1940snds8 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician and political activist. He gained worldwide fame as the founder, co-lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the Beatles. Lennon's Lennon–McCartney|songwriting partnership with Paul McCartney remains the most successful in history.cite magazine |last1=Newman |first1=Jason It Takes Two: 10 Songwriting Duos That Rocked Music History http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/467781/it-takes-two-10-songwriting-duos-that-rocked-music-history |magazine=Billboard 5 October 2017 23 August 2011 |quote=By any measure, no one comes close to matching the success of The Beatles' primary songwriters. 23 June 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180623105510/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/467781/it-takes-two-10-songwriting-duos-that-rocked-music-history live Born in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the Skiffle revival|skiffle craze as a teenager. In 1956, he formed the Quarrymen, which evolved into the Beatles in 1960. Lennon initially was the group's ''de facto'' leader, a role he gradually seemed to cede to McCartney. Through his songwriting in the Beatles, he embraced myriad musical influences, initially writing and co-writing rock and pop-orientated hit songs such as "I Want to Hold Your Hand" and "Help! (song)|Help!" then later incorporating experimental elements into his compositions in the latter half of the Beatles' career, as his songs such as "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "I Am the Walrus" became known for their increasing innovation. Lennon soon expanded his work into other media by participating in numerous films, including ''How I Won the War'', and authoring ''In His Own Write'' and ''A Spaniard in the Works'', both collections of literary nonsense|nonsense writings and line drawings. Starting with "All You Need Is Love", his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the counterculture of the 1960s. In 1969, he started the Plastic Ono Band with his second wife, multimedia artist Yoko Ono, held the two-week-long anti-war demonstration bed-in for peace, and Break-up of the Beatles|left the Beatles to embark on a solo career. Lennon and Ono collaborated on many works, including a trilogy of avant-garde music|avant-garde albums and several more films. After the Break-up of the Beatles|Beatles disbanded, Lennon released his solo debut ''John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band'' and the international top-10 singles "Give Peace a Chance", "Instant Karma!", "Imagine (song)|Imagine", and "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)". Moving to New York City in 1971, his Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War|criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a three-year deportation attempt by the Nixon administration. Lennon and Ono separated from 1973 to 1975, during which time he produced Harry Nilsson's album ''Pussy Cats''. He also had chart-topping collaborations with Elton John ("Whatever Gets You thru the Night") and David Bowie ("Fame (David Bowie song)|Fame"). Following a five-year hiatus, Lennon returned to music in 1980 with the Ono collaboration ''Double Fantasy''. He was Murder of John Lennon|shot and killed by Mark David Chapman, three weeks after the album's release. As a performer, writer or co-writer, Lennon had 25 number-one singles in the Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart. ''Double Fantasy'', his second-best-selling non-Beatles album, won the 1981 Grammy Award for Album of the Year.Cite web https://www.grammy.com/awards/24th-annual-grammy-awards 24th Annual GRAMMY Awards | GRAMMY.com grammy.com That year, he won the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. In 2002, Lennon was voted eighth in a BBC history poll of the ''100 Greatest Britons''. ''Rolling Stone'' ranked him the fifth-greatest singer and 38th Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time|greatest artist of all time. He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame (in 1997) and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (twice, as a member of the Beatles in 1988 and as a solo artist in 1994).

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